Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious autoimmune disease that affects the skin and joints. It usually causes redness and scaly patches that appear on the skin. These scaly patches caused by psoriasis are called psoriatic plaques (areas of inflammation due to excessive skin production). The skin accumulates rapidly in these areas, taking on a silvery-white appearance. They most commonly appear on the elbows and knees but can affect any part of the body, including the scalp and genital area.
Symptoms
Psoriasis affects approximately 1–3% of the population worldwide. Psoriasis is not contagious and affects men and women equally. It can begin at any age, although the usual age of onset is between 20 and 35 years. It is caused by genetic, immunological, environmental, and psychological factors. There are different types of psoriasis, which cause itching in 60–70% of cases. Other risk factors for psoriasis include smoking, sun exposure, seasonal changes, certain medications—mainly antihypertensives—as well as stress and alcohol consumption.
Therapy
The diagnosis of psoriasis should be made by a Dermatologist, following a clinical examination and a brief medical history, in order to ensure accuracy and avoid confusion with other skin conditions, such as eczema or scabies. It is important to understand that psoriasis is not curable. Existing treatments primarily aim to reduce symptoms and improve the appearance of your skin over a long period of time. Depending on the type and severity of psoriasis, there are different treatment options. These may include topical treatments with steroid formulations, ultraviolet (UV) therapy, systemic therapy with injections, or a combination of the above.
Common Questions
Can psoriasis cause other health problems?
30% of individuals with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis. This is a condition that causes pain and swelling in the joints. Other diseases and health problems that are more likely to occur in people with psoriasis include heart disease and heart attacks, diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, Crohn’s disease (an inflammatory bowel disease), cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and liver disease.
Can diet worsen or improve psoriasis?
It has been found that certain anti-inflammatory foods can help reduce psoriasis flare-ups. Such foods include fruits and vegetables, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (fish, fish oil supplements, walnuts), whole grains, lean protein, and spices such as ginger and curry. In contrast, red meat, sugar, processed foods, and alcohol can worsen the symptoms of the disease. Alcohol, in particular, should be avoided as it can exacerbate the side effects of medications prescribed for treating psoriasis.
How can I deal with psoriasis in my daily life?
Sometimes patients experience low self-esteem because psoriasis can be aesthetically displeasing. Psoriasis is often misunderstood by others, which can negatively affect the patient in their social environment. For this reason, prompt treatment combined with a strong immune system (through exercise and good nutrition) are your allies.
